Estimated Quarterly Payments (EQ$) to the IRS / Just the Basics

The WHY behind EQ$

The IRS is a Pay-as-You-Go tax system. We're required to send in 4 estimated payments throughout the year ... then, it's True Up time when we actually file our taxes. If we overpaid, we'll get a refund. If we underpaid, we'll owe more. 

Good news!

  • Once you know what you’re doing … it only takes about 5 minutes!

  • It can feel really satisfying, like you’re a BOSS of your business.

  • It makes Filing Taxes in April a lot nicer.

A Few Quick Facts about Sending in EQ$

  • When we send in an EQ$, it’s simply sending in money. It’s not filing taxes. There are no numbers to report. We just send money and make sure it’s attached to our name and tax ID.

  • If sending by check, there’s just a small voucher. If online, just a few fields to fill out to verify your identity.

  • You can send payments online, or via snail mail. Click here to read more.

  • IMPORTANT - if sending payments online, see note below.

  • It's fine to use your SSN with these payments. (Even if you have an EIN.)

  • The Due Dates are not even!  (Weird, right?)

DUE Dates

April 15
June 15
September 15
January 15

Note - When these dates fall on the weekend or holiday, they will shift to the following business day.

To Send in or Not Send In….

  • If total tax for the year (related to your biz profit) is $2000 or less, then the IRS says that we do NOT need to send in payments.

  • If total tax for the year (related to your biz profit) is $2000 or more ... we're required to send in payments.

  • If we send in partial payments, or none at all, we might have to pay a penalty. Usually these are a few hundred dollars or less.

How Much to Send

The IRS offers a complex way to calculate your EQ$. I offer simpler alternatives. Three different methods to choose from. Click here for the NEW worksheet with instructions.


IMPORTANT NOTE / If Paying Online

IF you pay online, and use a 3rd party, be sure to choose "Personal Taxes"
Why? Because your business does NOT pay taxes, you pay personal taxes on the income you earned through your business....

 


Well those are all the basics on EQ$. It might feel intimidating at first … but it really gets easier over time!

How to Prep for IRS Taxes - All at Once

This is for anyone who needs to prep for IRS taxes all at once! Perhaps you “put it off until the last minute”. No problem! You’re safe here. Or, perhaps you just like doing all at once, and scheduled a day for it. Cool! There are many ways to approach taxes, and they’re all just fine. Read more about Tax Prep Styles to define yours. If you wish to break it up over multiple days, click here.

Okay, here we go.

Overview of the process

Collect stuff.
Find your numbers - wherever they are.
Add up in categories.
Put into a worksheet. Provided.
Then you’re ready to file!
Store your work in one place.
Bonus - Reward yourself.


Print the sheet and follow directions.

And/or read on.


1

Warm Up / Prep your space

Turn off email. Get some nice music, clear off the table. Use the worksheet to find everything that you might need. Get some favorite food or snacks.

2

Collect everything you can find

Use the worksheet as a guide.

3a.

Find your Gross Sales

This is the amount of total payments you received from clients / customers.

Ways to find this amount:

  • If you have tracking software, like Quickbooks or something specific to your practice (like Simple Practice for therapists), then get an Annual Report for the tax year.

  • If you’ve used one bank account for all deposits, simply look at the December statement and find the Year-to-Date deposits.

  • If you’ve used a spreadsheet, then highlight all the cells of income, then notice the Total.

  • If you have an income record, look there.

  • If none of the above, go to the next step.

Important Note! If you received 1099-MISCs for some of your income, you will need to have all of those available. Know the subtotal for all 1099-MISC income. AND, know the total for all other payments.

3b.

Make an Income Record

• Have an income record? Print it out.

• If you have software, print a list of all income.

• If you’ve used a bank account/s …search transactions from Jan. 1 - Dec. 31 of last year, and then filter for Credits Only. Download and print.

• Need to make one? Use your calendar to make a list of all appointments or sales. Write the amounts earned next to each one. You can do this on paper or make a spreadsheet.

• Have invoices? Print them out, staple together as your record.

3c.

Expenses by category

Find all evidence of purchases for your business. Could be ~

  • paper receipts

  • online receipts

  • bank statements

  • credit card statements

  • utility bills

It doesn’t matter how you paid for the purchases, all of them can be deducted. (If you’re a sole proprietor or single member LLC.)

Now, we want to add them up by category. Use the sheet you already printed to see the categories. For more info on what expenses go where, click on this worksheet.

Have software?

  • quickbooks - print the P and L for last year

  • other software - print P and L for last year, or print all expenses then categorize

OR You can add up these amounts using ~

  • pen and paper

  • excel spreadsheet - type in date/amount/vendor by category

  • excel spreadsheet - download all expenses then, then categorize and sum

Email me if you’d like to use my spreadsheet. Please allow 3 - 5 business days.

Important Note - It doesn’t matter how you add them up! As long as you have subtotals for each category. And evidence for each expense.

3d.

Special case expenses - mileage and office

Did you drive for your business? Most any place that you drove, except to an office, can be deducted. There are two ways to claim this expense - actual cost of vehicle or mileage. I will only cover the Mileage Method here.

Mileage

What you need to find

  • total miles for the vehicle for the whole year

  • total miles for business use

  • total miles for personal use

If you have these figures, your accountant or tax software will do the rest.

Ways to find mileage

  • Used an app? Log in to find your report for last year.

  • Have a record, great!

  • Calculate miles - look at your calendar, make a list of dates/locations and use Mapquest or other site to calculate the mileage of your trips.

For total miles, do your best to guess your odometer reading for last January 1. Perhaps look at oil change records. For the ending mileage do the same. (In the future, make a note to yourself to write down your Odometer miles each January 1st.)

Office

There are two ways to claim this expense. I will only cover the Simplified Office expense here. Calculate the square footage of your office.

The accountant or tax software will know what to do.

3e.

Payments You Already Sent In

This is majorly important!!!!

These are the Estimated Quarterly Tax Payments you sent in, if you did. Only you can provide this info. Find the dates and amounts when you sent these in. Otherwise, you will not get credit for them!

Not sure? Look through all of your records, your bank statements, email. And/or call the IRS.

4

Check the worksheet

Look over the worksheet at everything you’ve collected. Try and think if anything is missing. Did you have any more business expenses? Any accounts you forgot to check? Find anything missing and add them. At some point, decide to be done!

5

Plan when to file

Doing this today? If not today, choose a day and put on your calendar. Not sure how to file? Read this post.

6a

Store everything

Keep these things out: Worksheet with all your figures AND any 1099-MISCs.

Gather all of your receipts, statements, calculations, notes. Print out and put into a box, or envelope. Label with the Tax Year.

6b

Reward yourself!

Phew, that was a lot of work. Be nice to yourself this evening. Maybe order take-out or go out. Maybe a bath or binge watch some shows. Maybe online shop for something you’ve wanted. Just be sure to be nice to yourself AND get a reward…or put one on your calendar asap. Here’s a menu if you’re not sure what you need.

♥ ♥ ♥ ♥ ♥

Was this helpful? If yes, please considering leaving a Tip in the Tip Jar …. and/or forwarding to a friend. Thanks so much!

: ) Jenny Girl Friday.

• Estimated Quarterly Payments to the IRS - What are they? Do I have to send them? How do I calculate payments?

What are estimated quarterly tax payments to the IRS?  Why do I have to send them?

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Our federal taxes are a "pay-as-you-go" system.  When you're an employee, federal taxes are taken out of each check.  If you are self-employed, the IRS requires that you send in tax payments throughout the year.  For the smallest business, this is required 4 times.  (Larger businesses may have to end in more often.)

I just had to make a report to Washington State and send in Sales Tax.  Is this the same thing?

Great question and No.  Every level of government wants to tax you...and it's easy and reasonable to get them confused.

Washington State - collects Sales Tax, B&O tax, and Use Tax.  Some businesses report annually, some report quarterly.

The Federal Government (IRS) - collects Income and Self-Employment Tax.  We file an annual report, but we're asked to send in estimated tax payments throughout the year.

This post is about tax payments to the IRS.

Do I have to send in the estimated quarterly payments (EQ$) to the IRS?  What happens if I don't?

Technically speaking, YES—the letter of the law is that if a person is doing business, they must send payments in each quarter.  In some cases, if you don't send in your EQ$, you'll have to pay a penalty.  

The reality: I've met many self-employed folks who did not send in their EQ$ the first year, and they had no penalties, or the penalties were very low.  Having said that, the IRS may choose to more vigorously enforce this rule at any time.  

In some cases, if your income is low enough, it is allowable to NOT send in payments.  To see if this applies to you, click here to read more (scroll down to page 24), or call the IRS at 800.829.4933

How do I calculate payments?

If you filed business taxes last year, usually your tax preparation software or accountant will provide you with a recommended amount for you to pay.  It'll be based off of your earnings for the previous year.

If you are a brand new business, you'll need to calculate an amount to pay.  There's a formula and worksheet below.

An important note:  it's common for new businesses to grow quite a bit from year to year! Because of this, the estimate made for the quarterly payment can be too low.  ProTip:  Always transfer 30% of all business deposits into a savings account for taxes you may owe.  (40% if you collect sales tax.)  If what you're saving is more than what your EQ$ require, you can either....send in extra money for each EQ$.  OR, hold the money in your account until you file your federal taxes.

Simplified Formula for Calculating EQ$ + Worksheet

Click on the worksheet for a PDF version for download.

1.  Estimate your Gross Sales - all the money you'll collect from buyers/clients.  (Never include Sales tax in the amount.)
Example:  $12,000

2.  Estimate your costs of doing business.  
Example:  $3000

3.  Subtract the costs of business from your Gross Sales.
Example:  $12,000 - $3000

4.  The answer is your Profit or Income.
Example:  $9000

5.  Estimate your tax owed.  Multiply your profit by .30.
Example:  $9000 x .3 = $2700

6.  Divide tax owed by 4.  This is the amount to use for your EQ$
Example:  $2700 / 4 =$675

When are they due?  How do I send them in?

They are due on the following dates each year.  If a date falls on a weekend or holiday, the deadline is extended to the next business day.

January 15
April 15
June 15
September 15

You may submit payments electronically or through snail mail.  Click here to read more on How To Submit EQ$.

ProTips + Doing Yourself a Favor

ProTip:  Each year after you file taxes, print off all your Payment Vouchers.  Find four envelopes and put stamps on them.  Put these vouchers + envelopes in a visible place, for example, pin to a bulletin board, set on your bookshelf, or clip to your fridge.

ProTip:  Add these dates to your calendar right now:  Jan 1, Apr 1, Jun 1, Sep 1.  Prep and send your payments on these days.

Do yourself a favor and send these payments in!  If you skip these payments, it can be very tempting to spend the money from your account......leaving you high and dry next April!  In addition to making your future brighter, it can feel very satisfying to mail the checks, and gives peace of mind right now.  

 

Happy Working,

Jenny Girl Friday


Read more on the official FORM 1040-ES info sheet on the IRS.gov site.

• Make Your Life Easier! - Simple Tips for Keeping Track of License and Tax Stuff

Being self-employed includes answering to government agencies at every level:  city, county, state, and federal.  Sometimes it can feel a little crazy to manage all of the paperwork, dates, passwords, etc.

Here are a few tips for making your life a little easier.  The theme here is to make it very convenient to collect information and documents ... so that when you need them, you know where to look.  I don't know about you, but I'd rather rummage around when I need something, than spend time filing everything meticulously, just in case.  (Of course, if filing calms you, then go for it!)  


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1.  Choose a paper notebook

... that you love the look of ... and record all of your business numbers, logins, passwords in it.  I also like to list any phone numbers I've needed to call, and any notes from phone conversations.  

I like the paper notebook because it doesn't get lost like bits of paper, and, it can't be lost if my computer gets fried.

Numbers to be sure to add:
• UBI - Washington State Business Number
• EIN - Employer Identification Number (Not required, but recommended.)
• NAICS Code - North American Industry Classification System (Assigned to you by the state.)
• Seattle Customer Number
 


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2.  Find a box or basket

To collect all of your legal + tax paperwork.  Any time you get any thing from the government:  letters, licenses, updates, etc., throw them in there.  Put in a easy to reach place that feels secure.  Keep your notebook in there too. 


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3.  Create an email folder to collect all messages


4.  Post the Important Dates where you can see them

These refer to all of your business requirements (license renewals, tax reports, and tax payments).  Put the list somewhere on the wall or refrigerator, so you can reference it from time to time.  
Download Important Dates if reporting Annually with WA state.
Download Important Dates if reporting Quarterly with WA state.

Please consider leaving a Tip for any downloads.  :)

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Advanced ProTips

5.  Record all of the important dates on your calendar.  

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6.  Record time to work on these in your calendar.

Perhaps a week or two before the deadline.


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7.  Prep Your Estimated Quarterlies

After you file your federal taxes with the IRS, prepare four envelopes to mail in your estimated quarterly payments.  Attach the payment stubs (hopefully provided by TurboTax or your accountant) and pin on a bulletin board.


Wherever you can, make this stuff fun + easy!  It'll make these chores more pleasant and bring you peace of mind.

Cheers!

: )  Jenny Girl Friday